Finding specific things
Half of all file searches are really 'what was I just working on'. Date beats name every time for that question.
find ~ -type f -mmin -60 2>/dev/null | grep -v Library
Filtering out ~/Library matters here, or you drown in cache writes.
find ~ -type f -mtime -1 -not -path "*/Library/*" -not -path "*/.git/*" 2>/dev/null
⌘F → + → Last modified date → within last → 1 day. Save it as a Smart Folder and it becomes a permanent "recent work" view.
Install something, then:
find / -newermt "10 minutes ago" -not -path "*/Library/Caches/*" 2>/dev/null | head -50
-newermt accepts natural dates and is the clearest way to answer "what did that installer touch". Expect a lot of system noise; the useful lines are usually in /Applications, /Library and ~/Library.
Any search that can sort by modification date turns this into a normal query rather than a Terminal exercise. The combination that gets used most in practice is a rough name plus a recency bound — report dm:<7d — because you usually remember something about both.
Apps write caches and preferences constantly. Exclude */Library/* unless that is what you are investigating.
-mtime counts days, -mmin counts minutes. Both measure modification time.
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